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991.
Benedikt Halldorsson Ragnar Sigbjornsson Johannes Schweitzer 《Journal of Seismology》2009,13(1):173-178
A small-aperture, strong-motion array, the ICEARRAY, has been deployed in South Iceland, a region with a history of destructive
earthquakes, some exceeding magnitude 7. The array’s purpose is: (1) monitoring future significant events in the region, (2)
quantifying spatial variability of strong-motion over short distances and (3) shedding light on earthquake source processes.
The number of array stations and their arrangement were based on an optimisation of the shape of the corresponding array transfer
function (ATF). The optimal ICEARRAY configuration comprises 14 stations, has an aperture of ~1.9 km and a minimum interelement
distance of ~50 m and possesses a near-azimuthally independent ATF with a sharp main lobe, negligible sidelobes and a wavenumber
range of 1.5–24 rad/km. Accordingly, the ICEARRAY has the intended capabilities of capturing seismic waves in the frequency
range of 1–20 Hz, which is of main interest to earthquake engineering and engineering seismology applications. 相似文献
992.
This study focuses on the southeast Capital area of North China (38.5–39.85° N, 115.5–118.5° E). Shear-wave splitting parameters
at 20 seismic stations are obtained by a systematic analysis method applied to data recorded by the Capital Area Seismograph
Network (CASN) between the years 2002 and 2005. Although some differences in the results are observed, the average fast-wave
polarization is N88.2° W ± 40.7° and the average normalized slow wave time delay is 3.55 ± 2.93 ms/km. The average polarization
is consistent with the regional maximum horizontal compressive stress and also with the maximum principal strain derived from
global positioning system measurements in North China. In spite of the uneven distribution of faults around the array stations
that likely introduce some amount of scatter in the shear-wave splitting measurements, site-dependent polarizations of fast
shear wave are clearly observed: in the northern half of the study area, the polarizations at CASN stations show E–W direction,
whereas in the southern half the polarizations exhibit a variety of possible azimuths, thus suggesting dissimilar stress field
and tectonic frame in both areas. Comparing the splitting results with those previously obtained in the northwest part of
the region, we find a difference in polarization of about 20° between the southeast and northwest parts of the Capital area;
also, in the southeast Capital area the average time delay is smaller than in the northwest Capital area, thus making clear
that the magnitude of crustal seismic anisotropy is not the same in the two zones. Being the shear-wave splitting polarizations
in the southeast Capital area, which lies on the basin, clearly different from the observed polarizations in the northwest
Capital area, where uplifts and basin converge, it is quite evident that the shear-wave splitting results are consequence
of the tectonics and stress field affecting the two regions. 相似文献
993.
Qiang Zhang Chong-Yu Xu Zengxin Zhang Yongqin David Chen 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(6):721-735
The spatial and temporal patterns of the temperature extremes defined by 5th and 95th percentiles based on daily maximum/minimum
temperature dataset were analyzed using Mann–Kendall test and linear regression method. The research results indicate that:
(1) the seasonal minimum temperature is in stronger increasing trend than the seasonal maximum temperature; (2) in comparison
with the changes of the maximum temperature, more stations display significantly increasing trends of minimum temperature
in frequency and intensity; (3) comparatively, more stations have significantly decreasing trends in the intra-seasonal extreme
temperature anomaly in summer and winter than in spring and autumn. The areal mean minimum temperature is in stronger increasing
trend than areal mean maximum temperature; (4) the warming process in the Far-West (FW) China is characterized mainly by significantly
increasing minimum temperature. The research will be helpful for local human mitigation to alterations in water resource and
ecological environment in FW China due to changes of temperature extremes, as the ecologically fragile region of China. 相似文献
994.
Influence of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on earthquake occurrence trend of active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region 下载免费PDF全文
The Wenchuan earthquake coseismic deformation field is inferred from the coseismic dislocation data based on a 3-D geometric model of the active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. Then the potential dislocation displacement is inverted from the deformation field in the 3-D geometric model. While the faults' slip velocities are inverted from GPS and leveling data, which can be used as the long-term slip vector. After the potential dislocation displacements are projected to long-term slip direction, we have got the influence of Wenchuan earthquake on active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. The results show that the northwestern segment of Longmenshan fault, the southern segments of Xianshuihe fault, Anninghe fault, Zemuhe fault, northern and southern segments of Daliangshan fault, Mabian fault got earthquake risks advanced of 305, 19, 12, 9.1 and 18, 51 years respectively in the eastern part of Sichuan and Yunnan. The Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault, Nujiang fault, Longling-Lancang fault, Nantinghe fault and Zhongdian fault also got earthquake risks advanced in the western part of Sichuan-Yunnan region. Whereas the northwestern segment of Xianshuihe fault and Xiaojiang fault got earthquake risks reduced after the Wenchuan earthquake. 相似文献
995.
Soil containing calcic nodules is widely present on the northern Loess Plateau of China owing to soil genesis under local climate conditions. In most studies, little attention is payed to the effect of calcic nodules on soil evaporation and ecoenvironment, resulting in inaccurate evaporation estimation in this kind of soil and further improper field water management measures and irrigation effects. In this paper, soil column experiments were conducted in order to investigate evaporation process in soil containing calcic nodules and the effect of calcic nodules on soil evaporation was determined. The results indicated that evaporation reduction was positively related to calcic nodule content (CNC = mass of calcic nodules/total mass), and could be estimated by the experiential equation: Esoil = E0 (1 – 0.4 CNC) (Esoil = actual evaporation, E0 = theory evaporation in soil without calcic nodules). When CNC was below 0.2, the impact could be neglected. While, as CNC exceeded 0.2, the impact needed to be considered during soil evaporation estimation. As CNC reached 0.5, soil evaporation could be reduced by 7.5 mm, accounting for around 10% of the total soil water. Water balance calculation in soil columns showed that water absorbed by calcic nodules was partially available to evaporation. Water available to evaporation was positively related to CNC, and this water could not exceed 63% of the water absorbed by calcic nodules. Generally, evaporation behavior was dominated by calcic nodule quantity and its water absorption. These results provide new ideas for irrigation measures in arid areas of the globe. 相似文献
996.
四川宣汉地区二叠系茅口组和吴家坪组的硅岩,主要以结核状、条带状和团块状产出。根据硅岩的岩石学及地球化学特征,对其成因进行了系统研究。野外观察硅岩形态多样,与围岩呈缝合线状接触,在剖面上受一定层位控制,团块状硅岩中含石灰岩斑块等。显微镜下观察,硅岩中见方解石残余结构及白云石菱形假晶等。野外观察和显微镜下观察表明这些硅岩应为交代作用形成。常量元素分析表明硅岩以SiO2为主(69.61%~99.21%),其他化学成分含量较低(0.01%~16.07%),Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti及Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值反映了硅岩的形成与热水活动有关,样品点在Al-Fe-Mn三角图中的投影位于富铁端;微量元素Co/Ni、V、Ti/V、Th/U和Rb/Sr值都较低,样品点在(Cu+Co+Ni)-Fe-Mn三角图中的投影也位于富铁端;硅岩中稀土元素总量低(低于10×10-6),Ce明显负异常,Eu弱负异常,LREE/HREE值低,Eu/Eu*值相对较高。上述特征表明研究区硅岩在形成过程中有热水物质参与沉积,在成岩过程中通过SiO2交代作用形成。 相似文献
997.
为研究适用于洞庭湖区二元结构堤基的减压井结构型式,采用室内试验对比分析了土工织物包扎塑料花管式、钢管式、砂滤体式及无砂混凝土式井管的排水减压效果,并结合洞庭湖区何家堤减压井试验工程研究了合理的滤层结构。试验表明,塑料盲沟和毛细板减压井是适合洞庭湖区二元堤基的两种减压井结构型式。 相似文献
998.
贵州喀斯特农业生产中多种矿物元素液态肥的应用效果分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为改变贵州喀斯特地区农产品产出率低、品质差的现状,从喀斯特生态地质环境脆弱、土壤缺少微量元素等特征入手,利用富含矿物元素的硅酸盐岩,开发生产多元素液态矿物肥料,补偿喀斯特地区农作物生长需要的矿物营养元素。2002年以来经100多个农户及贵州省各地土肥站、农业科研生产部门在贵州喀斯特地区十几个县市进行了700多亩种植试验,获得了农作物产量增加和农产品质量提高的效果。施用多元素液态矿物肥种植的水稻、玉米、辣椒、油菜、烤烟、水果及蔬菜等20多个农作物,其90%以上的作物增产超过5%,70%增产超过10%,农产品的蛋白质提高1~2个百分点,稻谷支链淀粉提高2.7%,果实的外观色、香、味、形得到明显改观。实践证明施用多元素液态矿物肥料是提高喀斯特地区农产品产出率的新途径。 相似文献
999.
本文假设马尼拉海沟北段为潜在海啸源,基于中国地震台网对马尼拉海沟地区震级测定偏差,采用COMCOT(comell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model)海啸数值模型,模拟南海海啸波传播.选取南海北缘3个特定地点,其中两个位于华南近海区域,另一个位于台湾岛南端近海区域,此外还在临近马尼拉海沟北段的深海地区选取了1个特定地点.分析这些特定地点最大海啸波以及最大海啸波到时对于震级测定偏差的敏感性.结果表明:马尼拉海沟北段地震如触发海啸,华南近海区域以及台湾岛南部近海区域最大海啸波振幅对震级偏差敏感,但最大海啸波振幅到时对于震级测定偏差不敏感;振幅最大的海啸波,二十几分钟即可波及台湾岛南端近岸区域,大约1小时后波及大陆华南近海北部区域. 相似文献
1000.